New drugs for treatment of diabetes

There are several new drugs for the treatment of diabetes that have been approved or are in development. Here are some examples:

  1. SGLT-2 inhibitors:
    • Ertugliflozin (Steglatro): approved in 2017, works by increasing glucose excretion in the urine.
    • Dapagliflozin (Farxiga): approved in 2014, works by increasing glucose excretion in the urine.
    • Canagliflozin (Invokana): approved in 2013, works by increasing glucose excretion in the urine.
  2. GLP-1 receptor agonists:
    • Semaglutide (Ozempic): approved in 2017, works by stimulating the release of insulin and suppressing glucagon.
    • Liraglutide (Victoza): approved in 2010, works by stimulating the release of insulin and suppressing glucagon.
    • Exenatide (Byetta): approved in 2005, works by stimulating the release of insulin and suppressing glucagon.
  3. DPP-4 inhibitors:
    • Alogliptin (Nesina): approved in 2009, works by inhibiting the breakdown of GLP-1.
    • Linagliptin (Tradjenta): approved in 2011, works by inhibiting the breakdown of GLP-1.
    • Saxagliptin (Onglyza): approved in 2009, works by inhibiting the breakdown of GLP-1.
  4. SGLT-1 inhibitors:
    • Tofogliflozin (Lys436): approved in Japan in 2014, works by increasing glucose excretion in the urine.
  5. BGLP-1 receptor agonists:
    • Tirzepatide (Mounjaro): approved in 2022, works by stimulating the release of insulin and suppressing glucagon.
  6. Incretin mimetics:
    • Acarbose (Precose): approved in 1995, works by slowing the absorption of glucose from the gut.
  7. Amylin analogs:
    • Pramlintide (Symlin): approved in 2005, works by slowing gastric emptying and reducing glucagon secretion.
  8. GLP-1 receptor antagonists:
    • Oxyntomodulin (RM-514): in development, works by inhibiting the release of glucagon and stimulating the release of insulin.
  9. Bile acid sequestrants:
    • Colesevelam (Welchol): approved in 1997, works by reducing cholesterol absorption and increasing bile acid excretion.
  10. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs:
    • FGF19 (LY288002): in development, works by increasing glucose uptake in the liver and reducing glucose production.

These new drugs offer improved efficacy, safety, and convenience compared to traditional diabetes treatments. However, it's essential to note that each patient's response to treatment may vary, and individualized treatment plans should be developed in consultation with a healthcare provider.