Consat new frequency and symbol rate

A very specific and technical question!

When it comes to satellite communications, the frequency and symbol rate are crucial parameters that determine the performance and efficiency of the system. Here's a brief overview:

Frequency:

• In satellite communications, the frequency refers to the number of oscillations or cycles per second of the carrier wave.
• The frequency is typically measured in Hertz (Hz) and is usually expressed in units of kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz).
• The frequency band used for satellite communications is typically in the C-band (4-8 GHz), Ku-band (12-18 GHz), or Ka-band (26-40 GHz).

Symbol Rate:

• The symbol rate, also known as the baud rate, is the number of symbols or pulses transmitted per second.
• Symbols are the basic units of information in digital communication systems, and they can represent different values, such as 0s and 1s in binary.
• The symbol rate is typically measured in units of kilosymbols per second (ksym/s), megasymbols per second (msym/s), or gigasymbols per second (gsym/s).

Constellation:

• A constellation is a set of frequencies and symbol rates used to transmit data over a satellite link.
• The constellation is designed to optimize the performance of the system, taking into account factors such as noise, interference, and channel capacity.
• A constellation typically consists of multiple carriers, each with its own frequency and symbol rate, which are used to transmit different channels or services.

Some common constellations used in satellite communications include:

• DVB-S (Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite): uses a single carrier with a symbol rate of up to 45 Msym/s and a frequency range of 950-2150 MHz.
• DVB-S2 (Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite 2): uses multiple carriers with symbol rates of up to 90 Msym/s and a frequency range of 950-2150 MHz.
• DVB-RCS (Digital Video Broadcasting - Return Channel via Satellite): uses a single carrier with a symbol rate of up to 27.5 Msym/s and a frequency range of 950-2150 MHz.
• Ka-band constellations: use multiple carriers with symbol rates of up to 100 Msym/s and a frequency range of 26-40 GHz.

When designing a satellite communication system, the choice of frequency and symbol rate depends on various factors, including:

• The type of service being transmitted (e.g., video, voice, data)
• The required data rate and quality
• The available frequency band and regulatory constraints
• The desired level of interference protection and noise immunity
• The type of modulation and coding scheme used