What does a circuit breaker do

A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device that is designed to interrupt an electrical circuit in the event of an overload or short circuit. Its primary function is to protect people, property, and equipment from electrical shock, fire, and other hazards caused by electrical faults.

Here's how it works:

  1. Monitoring the circuit: The circuit breaker continuously monitors the electrical current flowing through the circuit.
  2. Detecting faults: If the current exceeds a predetermined level (known as the trip point), the circuit breaker detects a fault, such as an overload or short circuit.
  3. Tripping: The circuit breaker trips, or opens, the circuit, disconnecting the power supply to the affected area.
  4. Resetting: Once the fault is cleared, the circuit breaker can be reset by pressing the reset button or switch, which allows the circuit to be re-energized.

Circuit breakers are designed to:

  1. Protect against overloads: Prevent overheating of wires and equipment due to excessive current flow.
  2. Protect against short circuits: Interrupt the flow of electricity in the event of a short circuit, which can cause a fire or electrical shock.
  3. Provide fault detection: Identify and respond to electrical faults, such as ground faults or phase faults.
  4. Isolate the fault: Disconnect the affected circuit, preventing the spread of the fault to other parts of the electrical system.

Types of circuit breakers:

  1. Molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs): Commonly used in residential and commercial applications.
  2. Air circuit breakers (ACBs): Used in industrial and commercial applications, often in larger sizes.
  3. Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs): Used in smaller applications, such as in household appliances.
  4. Ground fault circuit breakers (GFCBs): Designed to detect and interrupt ground faults, which can occur when a person comes into contact with a live electrical wire.

In summary, circuit breakers play a crucial role in ensuring electrical safety by detecting and interrupting electrical faults, protecting people, property, and equipment from harm.