What causes a breaker to trip
A breaker (also known as a circuit breaker) trips when it detects an abnormal condition in the electrical circuit, such as:
- Overcurrent: When the current flowing through the circuit exceeds the rated capacity of the breaker or the wiring. This can be caused by:
- A short circuit (a direct path between two conductors)
- A ground fault (a path between a conductor and ground)
- A fault in the load (e.g., a faulty appliance)
- Overvoltage: When the voltage in the circuit exceeds the rated voltage of the breaker or the wiring. This can be caused by:
- A power surge or spike
- A fault in the electrical distribution system
- Ground fault: When there is an unintended path between a conductor and ground, such as:
- A faulty appliance or device
- A damaged or worn-out wire
- A lightning strike
- Arc fault: When there is an unintended electrical discharge between two conductors, such as:
- A faulty appliance or device
- A damaged or worn-out wire
- A lightning strike
- Overheating: When the breaker or wiring is subjected to excessive heat, such as:
- A faulty appliance or device
- A wiring issue (e.g., loose connections)
- A fire or other heat source
- Capacitive loading: When the circuit is subjected to a high amount of capacitive loading, such as:
- A large number of fluorescent lights
- A high-power motor
- Inrush current: When the circuit is subjected to a high inrush current, such as:
- A motor starting up
- A compressor or pump turning on
- Electromagnetic interference (EMI): When the circuit is subjected to electromagnetic interference from other devices or sources, such as:
- Radio frequency interference (RFI)
- Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs)
When a breaker trips, it opens the circuit to prevent further damage or electrical shock. It's an important safety feature that helps protect people and equipment from electrical hazards.