Ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaker circuit diagram

A very specific and interesting request!

Here's a circuit diagram for an ultra-fast acting electronic circuit breaker, also known as a crowbar circuit:

Circuit Diagram:

R1 = 1 kΩ R2 = 2 kΩ R3 = 1 kΩ R4 = 2 kΩ C1 = 100 nF C2 = 100 nF D1 = 1N4148 (or similar fast-recovery diode) D2 = 1N4148 (or similar fast-recovery diode) Q1 = NPN transistor (e.g., 2N3904) Q2 = PNP transistor (e.g., 2N3906) VCC = 12 V (or similar voltage supply) VOUT = Output voltage (e.g., 5 V)

How it works:

  1. When the input voltage (VCC) exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., 10 V), the circuit breaker is triggered.
  2. The voltage across R1 and R2 creates a current that flows through D1, which is a fast-recovery diode.
  3. The current through D1 triggers Q1, a NPN transistor, which turns on and connects the output (VOUT) to ground.
  4. The sudden drop in output voltage causes the load to be disconnected from the power supply.
  5. The circuit breaker remains in the "tripped" state until the input voltage returns to a safe level (e.g., below 10 V).
  6. When the input voltage returns to a safe level, Q1 turns off, and the circuit breaker returns to its normal state.

Key components:

Notes: