Tag postpartum haemorrhage

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

A postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a woman experiences excessive bleeding after giving birth. It is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide.

Causes of PPH:

  1. Uterine atony: The uterus fails to contract properly, leading to excessive bleeding.
  2. Trauma: Tears or lacerations in the vagina, cervix, or perineum can cause bleeding.
  3. Retained placenta: A piece of the placenta remains in the uterus, causing bleeding.
  4. Blood clotting disorders: Abnormalities in blood clotting can lead to excessive bleeding.
  5. Fibroids: Large uterine fibroids can increase the risk of PPH.

Symptoms of PPH:

  1. Heavy bleeding: Bright red blood or clots that are larger than a golf ball.
  2. Weakness or dizziness: Due to blood loss.
  3. Fast or weak pulse: Indicating a drop in blood pressure.
  4. Shortness of breath: As the body tries to compensate for blood loss.
  5. Pale or cool skin: Due to blood loss and decreased blood flow.

Treatment of PPH:

  1. Fetal monitoring: To ensure the baby's well-being.
  2. Uterine massage: To stimulate uterine contractions.
  3. Oxytocin: To stimulate uterine contractions.
  4. Methergine: To constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.
  5. Blood transfusion: To replace lost blood.
  6. Surgical intervention: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to control bleeding.

Prevention of PPH:

  1. Proper uterine massage: After delivery, to stimulate uterine contractions.
  2. Proper ligation: Of the uterine arteries and veins during cesarean section.
  3. Proper management of retained placenta: Prompt removal of the placenta.
  4. Proper management of fibroids: Treatment of fibroids before pregnancy or during pregnancy.

Complications of PPH:

  1. Hypovolemic shock: Due to severe blood loss.
  2. Renal failure: Due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
  3. Respiratory failure: Due to decreased blood flow to the lungs.
  4. Infection: Due to prolonged hospitalization and medical interventions.

Conclusion:

Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Healthcare providers should be aware of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for PPH to ensure timely and effective management.