New year in ancient rome

In ancient Rome, the New Year was celebrated on March 1st, not January 1st. The Roman calendar was based on a lunisolar cycle, with the year beginning on the day of the vernal equinox (around March 20th or 21st). This date was considered the start of the new year because it marked the beginning of spring and the renewal of life.

The Roman New Year, known as "Annales" or "Annus Novus," was celebrated with various festivities and rituals. Here are some of the traditions associated with the Roman New Year:

  1. Purification rituals: The Roman New Year was marked by purification rituals, which aimed to cleanse the city and its inhabitants of the past year's sins and impurities. These rituals involved the burning of incense, the sprinkling of holy water, and the recitation of prayers.
  2. Sacrifices: The Romans offered sacrifices to the gods, particularly Jupiter, Mars, and Venus, to ensure their favor and protection in the coming year. These sacrifices often involved the killing of animals, such as sheep, goats, and pigs.
  3. Feasting and merriment: The Roman New Year was a time for feasting and merriment. Friends and family would gather together to share food, drink, and stories. The wealthy would often host lavish banquets, while the poor would celebrate with simpler gatherings.
  4. Games and competitions: The Roman New Year was also a time for games and competitions. The Romans would hold gladiatorial contests, chariot races, and other forms of entertainment to mark the occasion.
  5. Gift-giving: Gift-giving was a common tradition during the Roman New Year. Friends and family would exchange gifts, such as food, wine, and other luxury items, as a symbol of goodwill and friendship.

Some of the most famous Roman New Year celebrations took place during the reign of Emperor Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD). Augustus was known for his love of festivals and celebrations, and he often hosted lavish New Year's parties at his palace.

Despite the Roman New Year being celebrated on March 1st, the Roman Empire eventually adopted the Julian calendar, which placed the New Year on January 1st. This change was made in 45 BC by Julius Caesar, who wanted to align the Roman calendar with the solar year. The Julian calendar remained in use until the 16th century, when it was replaced by the Gregorian calendar.