New terminology for mental retardation
The terminology surrounding intellectual disability has undergone significant changes in recent years to promote greater understanding, acceptance, and inclusion. Here are some key updates:
- Intellectual Disability (ID): The term "intellectual disability" is now widely used to describe a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. This term is preferred over "mental retardation" because it is more accurate and respectful.
- Mental Retardation (MR): The term "mental retardation" is no longer considered acceptable or accurate. It was previously used to describe individuals with intellectual disabilities, but it is now considered outdated and stigmatizing.
- Developmental Disability: This term refers to a broad range of conditions that affect cognitive, physical, and/or behavioral development, including intellectual disability, autism, cerebral palsy, and others.
- Cognitive Disability: This term is sometimes used to describe individuals with intellectual disabilities, but it is not as widely accepted as "intellectual disability."
- Learning Disability: This term typically refers to difficulties with learning and processing information, often due to neurological or developmental conditions. While it may be related to intellectual disability, it is not the same thing.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): This term describes a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. While some individuals with ASD may also have intellectual disabilities, the two conditions are distinct.
The shift towards more inclusive and respectful terminology is an important step towards promoting greater understanding, acceptance, and inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities.