New php features
Here are some of the new features in PHP 7 and later versions:
PHP 7.0 (2015)
- Return Type Declaration: You can now specify the return type of a function using the
return
keyword. - Scalar Type Hints: You can now specify the type of a function parameter using the
:
symbol. - Null Coalesce Operator: The
??
operator returns the first operand if it exists and is not null; otherwise, it returns the second operand. - Spaceship Operator: The
<=>
operator is used to compare two values and return an integer indicating their relative order. - Constant Expressions: You can now use constant expressions in PHP, which allows you to define complex constants.
PHP 7.1 (2016)
- Class Constant Visibility: You can now specify the visibility of class constants using the
public
,protected
, orprivate
keywords. - Type Widening: PHP 7.1 introduces type widening, which allows you to assign a value of a more specific type to a variable of a less specific type.
- Error Handling: PHP 7.1 introduces a new error handling mechanism that allows you to catch and handle errors using try-catch blocks.
PHP 7.2 (2017)
- Disallowing Functions with Void Return Type: PHP 7.2 disallows functions with a void return type from returning a value.
- Allowing Type Hinting for Type
null
: You can now specifynull
as a type hint for a function parameter. - Improved Error Messages: PHP 7.2 introduces improved error messages that provide more information about the error.
PHP 7.3 (2018)
- Async/Await Syntax: PHP 7.3 introduces an async/await syntax for writing asynchronous code.
- Improved Error Handling: PHP 7.3 introduces improved error handling, including support for custom error handlers.
- Type Hinting for
mixed
: You can now specifymixed
as a type hint for a function parameter.
PHP 7.4 (2019)
- Fiber Support: PHP 7.4 introduces support for fibers, which allow you to write cooperative multitasking code.
- Improved Error Messages: PHP 7.4 introduces improved error messages that provide more information about the error.
- Type Hinting for
iterable
: You can now specifyiterable
as a type hint for a function parameter.
PHP 8.0 (2020)
- Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation: PHP 8.0 introduces a just-in-time (JIT) compiler that can improve performance.
- Improved Error Messages: PHP 8.0 introduces improved error messages that provide more information about the error.
- Type Hinting for
static
: You can now specifystatic
as a type hint for a function parameter. - Improved Support for Unicode: PHP 8.0 introduces improved support for Unicode, including support for Unicode code points.
PHP 8.1 (2021)
- Improved Error Messages: PHP 8.1 introduces improved error messages that provide more information about the error.
- Type Hinting for
callable
: You can now specifycallable
as a type hint for a function parameter. - Improved Support for JSON: PHP 8.1 introduces improved support for JSON, including support for JSON schema validation.
These are just a few of the new features in PHP 7 and later versions. For a complete list of new features and improvements, I recommend checking out the official PHP documentation.