New epilepsy classification

In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) published a new classification system for epilepsy, which replaced the previous classification system that had been in use since 1989. The new classification system is designed to be more accurate, comprehensive, and user-friendly.

Here are the key changes and updates in the new classification system:

Epilepsy types:

  1. Focal epilepsy: Previously known as partial epilepsy, this type of epilepsy involves seizures that originate from a specific area of the brain.
  2. Generalized epilepsy: Previously known as grand mal epilepsy, this type of epilepsy involves seizures that affect both hemispheres of the brain.
  3. Unknown or unclassified epilepsy: This category includes seizures that do not fit into the other categories or where the underlying cause is unknown.

Seizure types:

  1. Focal seizures: Seizures that originate from a specific area of the brain and may affect only one side of the body.
  2. Generalized seizures: Seizures that affect both hemispheres of the brain and may cause loss of consciousness.
  3. Mixed seizures: Seizures that combine features of focal and generalized seizures.

Epilepsy syndromes:

  1. Genetic epilepsy syndromes: Epilepsy syndromes caused by genetic mutations, such as Dravet syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
  2. Acquired epilepsy syndromes: Epilepsy syndromes caused by acquired brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury or stroke.
  3. Infectious epilepsy syndromes: Epilepsy syndromes caused by infections, such as encephalitis or meningitis.

Epilepsy severity:

  1. Mild epilepsy: Seizures are infrequent and well-controlled with medication.
  2. Moderate epilepsy: Seizures are frequent but can be controlled with medication.
  3. Severe epilepsy: Seizures are frequent and difficult to control with medication.

Epilepsy diagnosis:

  1. Clinical diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on a patient's medical history, physical examination, and seizure characteristics.
  2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on an EEG, which measures the electrical activity of the brain.
  3. Imaging diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which show abnormalities in the brain.

The new classification system is designed to be more accurate and comprehensive, and it provides a framework for healthcare providers to diagnose and manage epilepsy more effectively.