Features of old and new diplomacy

Here are the key features of old diplomacy and new diplomacy:

Old Diplomacy (Traditional Diplomacy)

Features:

  1. Formalism: Diplomacy was conducted through formal channels, such as ambassadors, embassies, and diplomatic missions.
  2. State-centric: Diplomacy focused on the interests of states, with little attention to non-state actors like NGOs, corporations, or individuals.
  3. Secretive: Diplomatic negotiations were often conducted in secret, with little transparency or public involvement.
  4. Bilateral: Diplomacy was primarily conducted on a bilateral basis, with states negotiating directly with each other.
  5. Hierarchy: Diplomacy was characterized by a hierarchical structure, with powerful states exerting influence over weaker ones.
  6. Formal treaties: Diplomatic agreements were often formalized through treaties, which were negotiated and signed by governments.
  7. Limited scope: Diplomacy was primarily focused on issues like territorial disputes, trade agreements, and alliances.

New Diplomacy (Contemporary Diplomacy)

Features:

  1. Informalism: Diplomacy is increasingly conducted through informal channels, such as personal relationships, phone calls, and social media.
  2. Multilateralism: Diplomacy is now often conducted through international organizations, such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the G20.
  3. Non-state actors: Diplomacy involves a wider range of actors, including NGOs, corporations, and individuals, in addition to states.
  4. Transparency: Diplomatic negotiations are often more transparent, with greater public involvement and scrutiny.
  5. Multidisciplinary: Diplomacy now involves a broader range of disciplines, including economics, environmental science, and human rights.
  6. Issue-based: Diplomacy is increasingly focused on specific issues, such as climate change, human rights, and global health.
  7. Networked: Diplomacy is characterized by a networked structure, with states, organizations, and individuals working together to address global challenges.
  8. Adaptive: Diplomacy is more adaptive and responsive to changing circumstances, with a greater emphasis on flexibility and creativity.
  9. Digital diplomacy: Diplomacy is increasingly conducted online, through social media, email, and other digital channels.
  10. Global governance: Diplomacy is now focused on developing global governance structures and institutions to address global challenges.

Overall, new diplomacy is characterized by a more inclusive, adaptive, and issue-based approach, with a greater emphasis on transparency, multilateralism, and non-state actors.