Features new public management

The New Public Management (NPM) is a set of ideas and practices that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, aimed at reforming the public sector and improving its efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability. The key features of NPM are:

  1. Managerialism: Emphasis on professional management and leadership in the public sector, similar to the private sector.
  2. Decentralization: Delegation of authority and decision-making power to lower levels of government, agencies, or departments.
  3. Agencification: Creation of autonomous agencies or organizations to deliver public services, often with a focus on specific policy areas.
  4. Market-oriented approaches: Use of market mechanisms, such as competition, contracting, and privatization, to deliver public services.
  5. Performance measurement and evaluation: Use of performance indicators and evaluation frameworks to assess the effectiveness of public programs and services.
  6. Customer orientation: Focus on meeting the needs and expectations of citizens and customers, rather than just providing public services.
  7. Results-oriented management: Emphasis on achieving specific results and outcomes, rather than just managing processes and activities.
  8. Human resource management: Focus on developing and managing human resources, including training, development, and performance management.
  9. Partnerships and collaboration: Encouragement of partnerships and collaboration between government, civil society, and the private sector to achieve public policy goals.
  10. Transparency and accountability: Increased transparency and accountability in government decision-making and service delivery.
  11. Risk management: Identification and management of risks associated with public policy and service delivery.
  12. Innovation and entrepreneurship: Encouragement of innovation and entrepreneurship in the public sector, including the use of new technologies and business models.
  13. Citizen engagement: Increased engagement and participation of citizens in public policy-making and service delivery.
  14. Evidence-based policy-making: Use of research and evidence to inform public policy-making and decision-making.
  15. Flexibility and adaptability: Emphasis on flexibility and adaptability in response to changing circumstances and priorities.

These features of NPM aim to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of the public sector, and to better meet the needs and expectations of citizens and customers. However, the implementation of NPM has also been criticized for its potential negative impacts, such as increased inequality and decreased social welfare.