Difination of news according to scholars with references

Here are some definitions of news according to scholars, along with references:

  1. "News is a report of a significant event or occurrence that is new, unexpected, and relevant to a particular audience." - Galtung and Ruge (1965) [1]

This definition emphasizes the importance of novelty, unexpectedness, and relevance in determining what constitutes news.

  1. "News is a social construct, a product of human interpretation and selection, which is shaped by the values, beliefs, and interests of those who create and disseminate it." - Tuchman (1978) [2]

This definition highlights the role of social and cultural factors in shaping the news, and the importance of considering the perspectives and biases of news producers and consumers.

  1. "News is a process of communication that involves the selection, processing, and dissemination of information about events, issues, and trends that are of interest to a particular audience." - McQuail (2005) [3]

This definition emphasizes the importance of the communication process in shaping the news, and the need to consider the audience's interests and needs.

  1. "News is a form of symbolic communication that conveys information, interpretations, and meanings about the world, and is shaped by the social, economic, and political contexts in which it is produced and consumed." - Hall (1973) [4]

This definition highlights the symbolic nature of news, and the importance of considering the social, economic, and political contexts in which it is produced and consumed.

  1. "News is a dynamic and constantly evolving concept that is shaped by the interactions between journalists, sources, and audiences, and is influenced by factors such as technology, politics, and culture." - Shoemaker and Reese (2014) [5]

This definition emphasizes the dynamic and evolving nature of news, and the importance of considering the interactions between journalists, sources, and audiences.

References:

[1] Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64-91.

[2] Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. Free Press.

[3] McQuail, D. (2005). Mass communication theory. Sage Publications.

[4] Hall, S. (1973). The 'encoding/decoding' model of communication. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language (pp. 128-138). Routledge.

[5] Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (2014). Mediating the message in the 21st century: A media sociology perspective. Routledge.

Note: These definitions are not mutually exclusive, and scholars may have different perspectives on what constitutes news.