Define news from different scholar

Here are definitions of news from different scholars:

  1. Galtung and Ruge (1965): "News is what happens to one's own group, and what happens to another group if it has a bearing on one's own group." (Galtung and Ruge, 1965)

Galtung and Ruge, Norwegian scholars, defined news as a subjective concept that is influenced by the interests and values of the news source and the audience.

  1. Hallin (1986): "News is a product of a complex process of selection, interpretation, and presentation, shaped by the interests and values of the news organization and its audience." (Hallin, 1986)

Daniel Hallin, an American scholar, emphasized the role of news organizations in shaping the news, highlighting the importance of selection, interpretation, and presentation in the news-making process.

  1. Tuchman (1978): "News is a social construct, created through a process of negotiation and interpretation between journalists, sources, and audiences." (Tuchman, 1978)

Gaye Tuchman, an American scholar, viewed news as a social construct, arguing that it is created through a dynamic process of negotiation and interpretation between various stakeholders.

  1. Schudson (2003): "News is a form of cultural capital, providing people with a sense of connection to the world and a way to make sense of their place in it." (Schudson, 2003)

Michael Schudson, an American scholar, defined news as a form of cultural capital, highlighting its role in shaping people's understanding of the world and their place within it.

  1. Altheide (2002): "News is a form of symbolic violence, used to shape public opinion and maintain social order." (Altheide, 2002)

David Altheide, an American scholar, viewed news as a form of symbolic violence, arguing that it is used to shape public opinion and maintain social order by presenting a particular perspective or agenda.

  1. Kunczik (1997): "News is a process of communication that aims to inform, educate, and entertain the public, while also serving the interests of the news organization and its stakeholders." (Kunczik, 1997)

Michael Kunczik, a German scholar, defined news as a process of communication that serves multiple purposes, including informing, educating, and entertaining the public, while also serving the interests of the news organization and its stakeholders.

These definitions highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of news, emphasizing the role of various stakeholders, including journalists, sources, audiences, and news organizations, in shaping the news.