Concept of new millennum development goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a set of eight goals established by the United Nations in 2000 to be achieved by 2015. The MDGs were a response to the growing recognition of the need to address the pressing global challenges of poverty, inequality, and human suffering. The eight goals were:

  1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty: Reduce the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day to 50% by 2015.
  2. Achieve Universal Primary Education: Ensure that all children complete primary education by 2015.
  3. Promote Gender Equality: Eliminate gender disparities in education and achieve gender equality in employment by 2015.
  4. Reduce Child Mortality: Reduce the mortality rate of children under five by two-thirds by 2015.
  5. Improve Maternal Health: Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters by 2015.
  6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases by 2015.
  7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of biodiversity by 2015.
  8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development: Address the special needs of the least developed countries, and significantly increase the flow of official development assistance to them by 2015.

In 2015, the MDGs were replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, which are a set of 17 goals and 169 targets that aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. The SDGs are:

  1. No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
  2. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
  3. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
  4. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
  5. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
  6. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
  7. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
  8. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
  9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.
  10. Reduced Inequalities: Reduce income and social inequalities within and among countries.
  11. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
  12. Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns and achieve the efficient use of natural resources.
  13. Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
  14. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.
  15. Life on Land: Protect, restore and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial and forest ecosystems, forests, forests, and halt deforestation, habitat destruction, and species extinction.
  16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.
  17. Partnership for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.

The SDGs are a more comprehensive and ambitious set of goals than the MDGs, and they recognize the interconnectedness of the world's challenges and the need for a more holistic approach to development.