Comparism between old convenant and new convenant

The Old Covenant and the New Covenant are two distinct covenants or agreements between God and humanity, as described in the Bible. Here's a comparison between the two:

Old Covenant (Mosaic Covenant)

• Established: Around 1300 BC, when Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai
• Parties: God and the Israelites
• Terms: The Israelites agreed to follow God's laws and commandments in exchange for God's protection, provision, and blessing
• Characteristics:
  • Based on works: The Israelites were expected to keep the law and follow God's commands to maintain their relationship with Him
  • Focused on external behavior: The emphasis was on external actions, such as sacrifices, rituals, and obedience to the law
  • Limited: The Old Covenant was limited to the Israelites and did not extend to other nations
  • Temporary: The Old Covenant was seen as a temporary arrangement, with the promise of a future Messiah who would bring a new covenant
• Examples: The Israelites' failure to keep the law, the need for animal sacrifices, and the institution of the priesthood

New Covenant (Covenant of Grace)

• Established: Around 30 AD, with the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
• Parties: God and all people (Jews and Gentiles)
• Terms: God's promise to forgive sins, grant eternal life, and indwell believers through the Holy Spirit, in exchange for faith in Jesus Christ
• Characteristics:
  • Based on faith: The New Covenant is based on faith in Jesus Christ, rather than works or external behavior
  • Focused on internal transformation: The emphasis is on the transformation of the heart and the regeneration of the spirit
  • Universal: The New Covenant extends to all people, regardless of their background or nationality
  • Eternal: The New Covenant is seen as an eternal arrangement, with no need for animal sacrifices or the institution of the priesthood
• Examples: The sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the gift of the Holy Spirit, and the transformation of believers' lives

Key differences between the Old and New Covenants:

1. Focus: The Old Covenant focused on external behavior and works, while the New Covenant focuses on internal transformation and faith.
2. Parties: The Old Covenant was between God and the Israelites, while the New Covenant is between God and all people.
3. Terms: The Old Covenant was based on works, while the New Covenant is based on faith in Jesus Christ.
4. Characteristics: The Old Covenant was limited, temporary, and focused on external behavior, while the New Covenant is universal, eternal, and focused on internal transformation.
5. Examples: The Old Covenant had examples of animal sacrifices and the institution of the priesthood, while the New Covenant has examples of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ and the gift of the Holy Spirit.

In summary, the Old Covenant was a temporary arrangement between God and the Israelites, based on works and external behavior, while the New Covenant is an eternal arrangement between God and all people, based on faith in Jesus Christ and internal transformation.