Causes of deformities in new born

Deformities in newborns can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here are some common causes of deformities in newborns:

  1. Genetic disorders: Many congenital deformities are caused by genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Marfan syndrome.
  2. Fetal development: Deformities can occur during fetal development due to errors in cell division, migration, or differentiation. For example, spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to close properly.
  3. Maternal health: Certain maternal health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, or infections, can increase the risk of congenital deformities.
  4. Pregnancy complications: Complications during pregnancy, such as placental insufficiency or maternal-fetal bleeding, can lead to deformities.
  5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as teratogens, during pregnancy can cause deformities. Examples of teratogens include:
    • Thalidomide (a medication used to treat morning sickness)
    • Diethylstilbestrol (a synthetic estrogen used to prevent miscarriage)
    • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) caused by maternal alcohol consumption
  6. Infections: Certain infections, such as rubella (German measles) or toxoplasmosis, can cause congenital deformities.
  7. Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in essential nutrients, such as folic acid or vitamin B12, during pregnancy can increase the risk of deformities.
  8. Multiple gestations: Carrying twins or other multiples can increase the risk of congenital deformities.
  9. Advanced maternal age: Women over 35 years old are at higher risk of giving birth to a child with a congenital deformity.
  10. Family history: A family history of congenital deformities can increase the risk of recurrence.
  11. Chromosomal abnormalities: Chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy 13 or 18, can cause congenital deformities.
  12. Fetal growth restriction: Fetal growth restriction can increase the risk of congenital deformities.
  13. Placental abnormalities: Abnormalities in the placenta, such as placenta previa or placental abruption, can increase the risk of congenital deformities.
  14. Maternal obesity: Maternal obesity has been linked to an increased risk of congenital deformities.
  15. Assisted reproductive technology (ART): The use of ART, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can increase the risk of congenital deformities.

It's essential to note that many congenital deformities can be diagnosed prenatally through ultrasound or other imaging tests, allowing for early intervention and treatment.