Causes of anaemia in a new born

Anaemia in newborns is a common condition that can occur due to various reasons. Here are some of the most common causes of anaemia in newborns:

  1. Fetal-maternal haemorrhage: During pregnancy, there can be a transfer of maternal blood cells to the fetus, leading to anaemia.
  2. Rh incompatibility: Incompatibility between the mother's and baby's blood types can cause the mother's immune system to produce antibodies that destroy the baby's red blood cells, leading to anaemia.
  3. Fetal-maternal bleeding: Bleeding during pregnancy or delivery can cause the loss of fetal blood, leading to anaemia.
  4. Premature birth: Newborns born prematurely may have a higher risk of anaemia due to their underdeveloped blood-forming system.
  5. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): Babies who are growth-restricted in the womb may have a higher risk of anaemia due to reduced blood production.
  6. Maternal anaemia: If the mother is anaemic during pregnancy, it can increase the risk of anaemia in the newborn.
  7. Fetal infections: Infections such as TORCH (Toxoplasma, Other agents, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex) can cause anaemia in newborns.
  8. Congenital heart defects: Certain heart defects can lead to anaemia in newborns due to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the body.
  9. Thalassemia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the production of haemoglobin, leading to anaemia.
  10. Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, or other essential nutrients can contribute to anaemia in newborns.
  11. Gastrointestinal bleeding: Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract can cause anaemia in newborns.
  12. Sepsis: Infections such as sepsis can cause anaemia in newborns due to the release of inflammatory mediators that can damage red blood cells.
  13. Hemolytic disease of the newborn: This is a condition where the baby's red blood cells are destroyed by the mother's immune system, leading to anaemia.
  14. Fetal-maternal transfusion: In rare cases, there can be a transfer of maternal blood cells to the fetus, leading to anaemia.
  15. Genetic disorders: Certain genetic disorders, such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia, can cause anaemia in newborns.

It's essential to note that anaemia in newborns can be diagnosed and treated promptly, and most cases can be managed with medical treatment and close monitoring.